Anatomy of Plaque

Plaque is a catch-all word that includes a combination of cholesterol build-up, white blood cells, calcium, proteins, inflammatory cells, fatty substances, cell waste products, fibrin, and other substances. Over time, these substances build up on the arterial walls, causing the artery to narrow and harden and making it hard for blood to flow as it should. This occurs in some ways similar to how calcium and other deposits can build up on pipes in your house. Eventually water drains slowly and causes problems.

We all have some combination of these substances, but some people are more prone to plaque build-up than others. There are several thoughts as to the causes of plaque build-up. Some experts believe plaque gathers in areas of the artery that have become damaged. The damage can be caused by the use of tobacco products, diabetes, high cholesterol levels, high tricglyceride levels, high blood pressure, and stress. If an artery has scar tissue, then the damaged area acts as a sort of "catch" for the plaque that travels through the blood stream. After a while, the plaque that is caught on the scar tissue builds up and then blockage occurs.

Remember the old saying, "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure"? This is true for plaque build-up. While we can't entirely eliminate the build-up of plaque, through lifestyle changes we can help to lower the amount and rate of the build-up. First and foremost, if you smoke or use tobacco products, STOP! Also, exercise regularly and eat a diet that is low in fat. Finally, work with your doctor to keep your blood pressure and cholesterol at healthy levels and your diabetes under control.